android: «the app closed unexpectedly» event with «Send a report» after a Java, native (daemon) or ANR death of the previous process; always-on/lockdown read from the running VpnService (the Settings.Global key never existed) with a warning when it gets turned off

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/java/org/strongswan/android/logic/AlwaysOnVpn.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 SHX VPN
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+ * Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
+ * option) any later version.  See <http://www.fsf.org/copyleft/gpl.txt>.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+ * or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * for more details.
+ */
+
+package org.strongswan.android.logic
+
+import android.content.Context
+import android.net.VpnService
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.preference.PreferenceManager
+import org.strongswan.android.R
+import org.strongswan.android.logic.events.EventAction
+import org.strongswan.android.logic.events.EventCategory
+import org.strongswan.android.logic.events.EventKind
+import org.strongswan.android.logic.events.EventLog
+
+/**
+ * «Block connections without VPN» as the system reports it.  Only the running
+ * VpnService can ask (Android 10+), so the last answer is kept for the UI.
+ * When it was on and is off now, the user gets a warning.
+ */
+object AlwaysOnVpn
+{
+	private const val PREF_LOCKDOWN = "pref_vpn_lockdown"
+	private const val EVENT_KEY = "lockdown-off"
+
+	/** Last value seen by the service; false before the first connection or below Android 10. */
+	@JvmStatic
+	fun isLockdown(context: Context): Boolean =
+		PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context).getBoolean(PREF_LOCKDOWN, false)
+
+	/** Called by the service when the tunnel is up. */
+	@JvmStatic
+	fun update(service: VpnService)
+	{
+		if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+		{
+			return
+		}
+		val lockdown = try
+		{
+			service.isLockdownEnabled
+		}
+		catch (_: Exception)
+		{
+			return
+		}
+		val prefs = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(service)
+		val was = prefs.getBoolean(PREF_LOCKDOWN, false)
+		if (lockdown != was)
+		{
+			prefs.edit().putBoolean(PREF_LOCKDOWN, lockdown).apply()
+			DiagLog.i("AlwaysOnVpn", "lockdown ${if (lockdown) "on" else "off"} (always-on ${service.isAlwaysOn})")
+		}
+		val events = EventLog.getInstance(service)
+		if (lockdown)
+		{
+			events.resolve(EVENT_KEY)
+		}
+		else if (was)
+		{
+			events.record(
+				EventKind.WARN, EventCategory.CONNECTION, service.getString(R.string.event_lockdown_off_title),
+				service.getString(R.string.event_lockdown_off_text), EventAction.OPEN_VPN_SETTINGS, EVENT_KEY,
+			)
+		}
+	}
+}

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/java/org/strongswan/android/logic/CharonVpnService.java

@@ -946,6 +946,7 @@ public class CharonVpnService extends VpnService implements Runnable, VpnStateSe
 		if (state == State.CONNECTED)
 		{
 			TrafficHistory.start(this);
+			AlwaysOnVpn.update(this);
 		}
 		else
 		{

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/java/org/strongswan/android/logic/CrashWatch.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 SHX VPN
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+ * Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
+ * option) any later version.  See <http://www.fsf.org/copyleft/gpl.txt>.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+ * or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * for more details.
+ */
+
+package org.strongswan.android.logic
+
+import android.app.ActivityManager
+import android.app.ApplicationExitInfo
+import android.content.Context
+import android.os.Build
+import androidx.preference.PreferenceManager
+import org.strongswan.android.R
+import org.strongswan.android.logic.events.EventAction
+import org.strongswan.android.logic.events.EventCategory
+import org.strongswan.android.logic.events.EventKind
+import org.strongswan.android.logic.events.EventLog
+
+/**
+ * Notices that the previous process died by a crash and leaves an event with
+ * «Send a report».  Android 11+ keeps the exit reasons itself, which also
+ * covers native crashes of the in-process daemon and ANRs; older versions only
+ * see Java exceptions, marked by the uncaught exception handler.
+ */
+object CrashWatch
+{
+	private const val TAG = "CrashWatch"
+	private const val PREF_SEEN = "pref_crash_seen_at"
+	private const val PREF_JAVA_CRASH = "pref_java_crash_at"
+	const val EVENT_KEY = "crash"
+
+	/** From the uncaught exception handler: synchronous, the process dies right after. */
+	@JvmStatic
+	fun markJavaCrash(context: Context)
+	{
+		try
+		{
+			PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context).edit()
+				.putLong(PREF_JAVA_CRASH, System.currentTimeMillis()).commit()
+		}
+		catch (_: Exception)
+		{
+		}
+	}
+
+	/** At process start, off the main thread. */
+	@JvmStatic
+	fun check(context: Context)
+	{
+		val prefs = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context)
+		var at = prefs.getLong(PREF_JAVA_CRASH, 0L)
+		var what = "java exception"
+		if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+		{
+			try
+			{
+				val am = context.getSystemService(ActivityManager::class.java)
+				am?.getHistoricalProcessExitReasons(context.packageName, 0, 10)
+					?.filter { it.reason in setOf(ApplicationExitInfo.REASON_CRASH, ApplicationExitInfo.REASON_CRASH_NATIVE, ApplicationExitInfo.REASON_ANR) }
+					?.maxByOrNull { it.timestamp }
+					?.takeIf { it.timestamp > at }
+					?.let {
+						at = it.timestamp
+						what = "${reasonName(it.reason)}: ${it.description ?: ""}"
+					}
+			}
+			catch (e: Exception)
+			{
+				DiagLog.i(TAG, "exit reasons unavailable: $e")
+			}
+		}
+		val seen = prefs.getLong(PREF_SEEN, -1L)
+		if (seen < 0L)
+		{	/* first start with this feature: older history is not news */
+			prefs.edit().putLong(PREF_SEEN, maxOf(at, System.currentTimeMillis())).apply()
+			return
+		}
+		if (at <= seen)
+		{
+			return
+		}
+		prefs.edit().putLong(PREF_SEEN, at).apply()
+		DiagLog.i(TAG, "previous process crashed at $at ($what)")
+		EventLog.getInstance(context).record(
+			EventKind.WARN, EventCategory.APP, context.getString(R.string.event_crash_title),
+			context.getString(R.string.event_crash_text), EventAction.SEND_REPORT, EVENT_KEY,
+		)
+	}
+
+	private fun reasonName(reason: Int): String = when (reason)
+	{
+		ApplicationExitInfo.REASON_CRASH_NATIVE -> "native crash"
+		ApplicationExitInfo.REASON_ANR -> "ANR"
+		else -> "java crash"
+	}
+}

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/java/org/strongswan/android/logic/StrongSwanApplication.java

@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ public class StrongSwanApplication extends Application
 		Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler((thread, throwable) -> {
 			DiagLog.i(TAG, "UNCAUGHT EXCEPTION on " + thread.getName() + ": " +
 				Log.getStackTraceString(throwable));
+			CrashWatch.markJavaCrash(StrongSwanApplication.this);
 			if (previousHandler != null)
 			{
 				previousHandler.uncaughtException(thread, throwable);
@@ -107,6 +108,9 @@ public class StrongSwanApplication extends Application
 
 		mDatabaseHelper = new DatabaseHelper(mContext);
 
+		/* «the app crashed» event with a report button for the previous process */
+		mExecutorService.execute(() -> CrashWatch.check(mContext));
+
 		mManagedConfigurationService = new ManagedConfigurationService(mContext);
 
 		mTrustedCertificateManager = new ManagedTrustedCertificateManager(mContext, mExecutorService, mMainHandler,

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/java/org/strongswan/android/logic/events/EventLog.kt

@@ -70,6 +70,10 @@ enum class EventAction
 	PROFILE_UPDATE,
 	/** open the server page of the profile [ShxEvent.target] */
 	OPEN_SERVER,
+	/** share the logs with support (F_Log «Send») */
+	SEND_REPORT,
+	/** the Android VPN settings (always-on, block without VPN) */
+	OPEN_VPN_SETTINGS,
 }
 
 data class ShxEvent(

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/java/org/strongswan/android/ui/InboxActivity.kt

@@ -70,6 +70,14 @@ class InboxActivity : AppCompatActivity()
 			EventAction.PROFILE_UPDATE -> event.target?.let { startActivity(ServerActivity.intent(this, it, checkUpdate = true)) }
 			EventAction.OPEN_SERVER -> event.target?.let { startActivity(ServerActivity.intent(this, it)) }
 			EventAction.OPEN_LOG -> startActivity(Intent(this, LogActivity::class.java))
+			EventAction.SEND_REPORT -> startActivity(Intent(this, LogActivity::class.java).putExtra(LogActivity.EXTRA_SEND, true))
+			EventAction.OPEN_VPN_SETTINGS -> try
+			{
+				startActivity(Intent(Settings.ACTION_VPN_SETTINGS))
+			}
+			catch (_: android.content.ActivityNotFoundException)
+			{
+			}
 		}
 		if (action == EventAction.OPEN_HOME || action == EventAction.OPEN_ROUTING || action == EventAction.INSTALL_UPDATE)
 		{

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/java/org/strongswan/android/ui/LogActivity.kt

@@ -96,6 +96,16 @@ class LogActivity : AppCompatActivity()
 				LogScreen(onBack = { finish() }, onSend = { sendLog() }, messages = messages)
 			}
 		}
+		/* «Send a report» from the crash event goes straight to the chooser */
+		if (savedInstanceState == null && intent.getBooleanExtra(EXTRA_SEND, false))
+		{
+			sendLog()
+		}
+	}
+
+	companion object
+	{
+		const val EXTRA_SEND = "org.strongswan.android.extra.SEND_LOG"
 	}
 
 	private fun sendLog()

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/java/org/strongswan/android/ui/compose/InboxScreen.kt

@@ -309,5 +309,7 @@ private fun EventAction.labelRes(): Int = when (this)
 	EventAction.SET_APP_DIRECT -> R.string.events_action_direct
 	EventAction.PROFILE_UPDATE -> R.string.events_action_profile_update
 	EventAction.OPEN_SERVER -> R.string.events_action_open_server
+	EventAction.SEND_REPORT -> R.string.diag_send_report
+	EventAction.OPEN_VPN_SETTINGS -> R.string.home_lockdown_enable
 	EventAction.NONE -> R.string.events_action_open
 }

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/java/org/strongswan/android/ui/compose/SettingsScreen.kt

@@ -658,24 +658,10 @@ private fun updateStatusText(state: UpdateState): String
 }
 
 /**
- * Checks whether the system-level lockdown ("Block connections without VPN") is
+ * Whether the system-level lockdown ("Block connections without VPN") is on for
- * active for our package. Returns false if not determinable.
+ * us, as the VPN service last saw it (false before the first connection).
  */
-internal fun Context.isVpnLockdownEnabled(): Boolean
+internal fun Context.isVpnLockdownEnabled(): Boolean = org.strongswan.android.logic.AlwaysOnVpn.isLockdown(this)
-{
-	return try
-	{
-		Settings.Global.getInt(
-			contentResolver,
-			"vpn_lockdown_$packageName",
-			0
-		) != 0
-	}
-	catch (_: Exception)
-	{
-		false
-	}
-}
 
 /**
  * Opens the Samsung battery settings where the user can exclude the app from

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/res/values-de/strings.xml

@@ -1318,4 +1318,8 @@
         <item quantity="one">%d vertrauenswürdiges Zertifikat</item>
         <item quantity="other">%d vertrauenswürdige Zertifikate</item>
     </plurals>
+    <string name="event_crash_title">Die App wurde unerwartet beendet</string>
+    <string name="event_crash_text">SHX VPN ist zuletzt abgestürzt. Senden Sie einen Bericht, damit wir die Ursache finden.</string>
+    <string name="event_lockdown_off_title">Durchgehend aktives VPN wurde ausgeschaltet</string>
+    <string name="event_lockdown_off_text">Es war vorher an. Jetzt gehen Apps bei jedem VPN-Abbruch für einige Sekunden direkt ins Netz. Schalten Sie es in den VPN-Einstellungen von Android wieder ein.</string>
 </resources>

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/res/values-pl/strings.xml

@@ -1236,4 +1236,8 @@
         <item quantity="many">%d zaufanych certyfikatów</item>
         <item quantity="other">%d zaufanego certyfikatu</item>
     </plurals>
+    <string name="event_crash_title">Aplikacja nieoczekiwanie się zamknęła</string>
+    <string name="event_crash_text">Ostatnio SHX VPN uległ awarii. Wyślij raport, abyśmy znaleźli przyczynę.</string>
+    <string name="event_lockdown_off_title">Stały VPN został wyłączony</string>
+    <string name="event_lockdown_off_text">Wcześniej był włączony. Teraz przy każdym zerwaniu VPN aplikacje na kilka sekund łączą się bezpośrednio. Włącz go ponownie w ustawieniach VPN Androida.</string>
 </resources>

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/res/values-ru/strings.xml

@@ -1347,4 +1347,8 @@
     <string name="server_needs_password">Нет сохранённого пароля: переключиться на этот сервер не получится. Сохраните пароль в его профиле.</string>
     <string name="event_auto_pw_title">«%1$s» не подключён автоматически</string>
     <string name="event_auto_pw_text">Сетевое правило или сценарий хотели включить VPN, но в профиле нет сохранённого пароля. Сохраните пароль в профиле.</string>
+    <string name="event_crash_title">Приложение аварийно завершилось</string>
+    <string name="event_crash_text">В прошлый раз SHX VPN закрылся из-за сбоя. Отправьте отчёт, чтобы мы нашли причину.</string>
+    <string name="event_lockdown_off_title">Постоянный VPN выключили</string>
+    <string name="event_lockdown_off_text">Раньше он был включён. Теперь при обрыве VPN приложения на секунды выходят в сеть напрямую. Включите его снова в настройках VPN Android.</string>
 </resources>

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/res/values-uk/strings.xml

@@ -1246,4 +1246,8 @@
         <item quantity="many">%d довірених сертифікатів</item>
         <item quantity="other">%d довіреного сертифіката</item>
     </plurals>
+    <string name="event_crash_title">Застосунок аварійно завершився</string>
+    <string name="event_crash_text">Минулого разу SHX VPN закрився через збій. Надішліть звіт, щоб ми знайшли причину.</string>
+    <string name="event_lockdown_off_title">Постійну VPN вимкнули</string>
+    <string name="event_lockdown_off_text">Раніше її було ввімкнено. Тепер у разі обриву VPN застосунки на секунди виходять у мережу напряму. Увімкніть її знову в налаштуваннях VPN Android.</string>
 </resources>

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/res/values-zh-rCN/strings.xml

@@ -1215,4 +1215,8 @@
     <plurals name="settings_certs_n">
         <item quantity="other">%d 个受信任的证书</item>
     </plurals>
+    <string name="event_crash_title">应用意外关闭</string>
+    <string name="event_crash_text">SHX VPN 上次发生崩溃。请发送报告，帮助我们找到原因。</string>
+    <string name="event_lockdown_off_title">始终开启的 VPN 已被关闭</string>
+    <string name="event_lockdown_off_text">此前它处于开启状态。现在每次 VPN 断开时，应用都会直接联网几秒钟。请在 Android 的 VPN 设置中重新开启。</string>
 </resources>

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/res/values-zh-rTW/strings.xml

@@ -1200,4 +1200,8 @@
     <plurals name="settings_certs_n">
         <item quantity="other">%d 個信任的憑證</item>
     </plurals>
+    <string name="event_crash_title">應用程式意外關閉</string>
+    <string name="event_crash_text">SHX VPN 上次發生當機。請傳送報告，協助我們找出原因。</string>
+    <string name="event_lockdown_off_title">永久連線的 VPN 已被關閉</string>
+    <string name="event_lockdown_off_text">先前它處於開啟狀態。現在每次 VPN 中斷時，應用程式都會直接連網幾秒鐘。請在 Android 的 VPN 設定中重新開啟。</string>
 </resources>

src/frontends/android/app/src/main/res/values/strings.xml

@@ -1333,4 +1333,8 @@
     <string name="server_needs_password">No saved password: switching to it will not work. Save it in its profile.</string>
     <string name="event_auto_pw_title">«%1$s» was not connected automatically</string>
     <string name="event_auto_pw_text">A network rule or a scenario wanted the VPN on, but the profile has no saved password. Save it in the profile.</string>
+    <string name="event_crash_title">The app closed unexpectedly</string>
+    <string name="event_crash_text">SHX VPN crashed last time. Send a report so we can find the cause.</string>
+    <string name="event_lockdown_off_title">Always-on VPN was turned off</string>
+    <string name="event_lockdown_off_text">It was on before. Now apps go online directly for a few seconds whenever the VPN drops. Turn it back on in the Android VPN settings.</string>
 </resources>